Depending on the vehicle, they will consist of:
ABS (anti-lock braking system) Under heavy braking, the ABS prevents the wheels from locking, allowing the stopping distance to be managed and keeping control of the vehicle. Under these circumstances, the vehicle can be steered to avoid an obstacle whilst braking. In addition, this system can increase stopping distances, particularly on roads with low surface grip (wet ground etc.). You will feel a pulsation through the brake pedal each time the system is activated. The ABS does not in any way improve the vehicle's physical performance relating to the road surface and roadholding. It is still essential to follow the rules of good driving practice (such as driving at a safe distance from the vehicle in front etc.).
Operating faults:
In both cases, consult an approved dealer.
Electronic stability control ESC with understeer control and traction control Electronic stability control ESC This system helps you to keep control of the vehicle in critical driving conditions (avoiding an obstacle, loss of grip on a bend, etc.). Operating principle A sensor in the steering wheel detects the direction selected by the driver. Other sensors throughout the vehicle measure the actual direction. The system compares driver input to the actual trajectory of the vehicle and corrects the trajectory if necessary by controlling the braking of certain wheels and/or engine power. In the event that the system is engaged, indicator light flashes on the instrument panel. Understeer control This system optimises the action of the ESC in the case of pronounced understeer (loss of front axle road holding). Traction control This system helps to limit wheelspin of the drive wheels and to control the vehicle when pulling away accelerating or decelerating. Operating principle Using the wheel sensors, the system measures and compares the speed of the drive wheels at all times and slows down their over-rotation. If a wheel is starting to slip, the system brakes automatically until the drive supplied becomes compatible with the level of grip under the wheel again. The system also adjusts the engine speed to the grip available under the wheels, independently of the pressure exerted on the accelerator pedal. Operating faults When the system detects an operating fault the message "Check ESC" and warning light and appear on the instrument panel. In this case, the ESC and traction control system are deactivated. Consult an authorised dealer.
Deactivating the function (depending on vehicle) In some situations (driving on very wet ground: snow, mud, etc. or driving with snow chains fitted), the system may reduce the engine output to limit wheelspin. If this is not required, it is possible to deactivate the function by pressing switch 1. The message "ESC off" is displayed on the instrument panel to inform you. The traction control system offers additional safety. It is recommended that you do not drive with the function disabled. Correct this as soon as possible by pressing the switch 1 again. Note: The function is reactivated automatically when the ignition is switched on or when a speed of approximately 24 mph (40 km/h) is exceeded. Emergency brake assist This system supplements the ABS and helps reduce vehicle stopping distances. Operating principle The system detects an emergency braking situation. In this case, the braking assistance immediately develops maximum power and may trigger ABS regulation. ABS braking is maintained as long as the brake pedal is not released. Hazard warning lights illumination Depending on the vehicle, these may light up in the event of sudden deceleration.
Hill start assistance Depending on the gradient of the incline, this system assists the driver when starting on a hill. It prevents the vehicle from rolling backwards by automatically applying the brakes when the driver lifts his/her foot off the brake pedal to depress the accelerator pedal. System operation It only operates when the gear lever is in a position other than neutral (other than N or P for automatic transmissions) and the vehicle is completely stationary (brake pedal depressed) The system holds the vehicle for approximately 2 seconds. The brakes are then released (the vehicle will move according to the slope).
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Renault Koleos Service Repair Manual > Exterior protection: Rear wheel arch liner:
Removal - Refitting
REMOVAL I - REMOVAL PREPARATION OPERATION Position the vehicle on a two-post lift (see Vehicle: Towing and lifting) (02A, Lifting equipment), Remove the rear wheels (see Wheel: Removal - Refitting) (35A, Wheels and tyres). II - OPERATION FOR REMOVAL OF PART CONCERNED Remove: - the clips (1) , - the ...